alzheimer's disease
Brain Disease

Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and progressively worsens. It is the cause of 60–70% of cases of dementia. The most common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events. […]

epilepsy
Brain Disease

Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a group of non-communicable neurological disorders characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures. Epileptic seizures can vary from brief and nearly undetectable periods to long periods of vigorous shaking due to abnormal electrical activity in […]

stroke
Brain Disease

Stroke

A stroke is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain causes cell death. There are two main types of stroke: ischemic, due to lack of blood flow, and hemorrhagic, due to […]

brain tumour
Brain Disease

Brain tumour

A brain tumour occurs when abnormal cells form within the brain. There are two main types of tumours: malignant tumours and benign (non-cancerous) tumours. These can be further classified as primary tumours, which start within […]

closed head injury
Head Injury

Closed-head injury

Closed-head injury is a type of traumatic brain injury in which the skull and dura mater remain intact. Closed-head injuries are the leading cause of death in children under 4 years old and the most […]

Penetrating head injury
Head Injury

Open head injury

A penetrating head injury, or open head injury, is a head injury in which the dura mater, the outer layer of the meninges, is breached. Penetrating injury can be caused by high-velocity projectiles or objects […]

Focal and diffuse brain injury
Head Injury

Focal and diffuse brain injury

Focal and diffuse brain injury are ways to classify brain injury: focal injury occurs in a specific location, while diffuse injury occurs over a more widespread area. It is common for both focal and diffuse […]

traumatic brain injury
Head Injury

Traumatic brain injury

A traumatic brain injury (TBI), also known as an intracranial injury, is an injury to the brain caused by an external force. TBI can be classified based on severity (ranging from mild traumatic brain injury […]

head injury
Head Injury

Head Injury

A head injury is any injury that results in trauma to the skull or brain. The terms traumatic brain injury and head injury are often used interchangeably in the medical literature. Because head injuries cover […]